Considering the stage of counselling, design a crisis counselling in a school context. Show the nature of the crisis or problem and the theoretical orientation (s) that you will use
Chireshe, (2006), defines counselling as one to one relationship between a client and a counsellor where by the counselor attempts to help a specific individual to make personally relevant decision that he or she can live with.
Dryden et all, (1997) also claims that counselling is a principled relationship characterized by application of one or more psychological theories and recognized sets of communication skills. Therefore counselling is a professional relationship between a counsellor and a client always in a private and confidential environment.
Crisis counselling it is when the event comes unplanned. When a devastating event drops in one’s life. This is considered as the crisis for stance, many who kill themselves are because of crisis that made them off balance. Crisis counselling is not long term and is usually no more than one to three months. The focus is on single or recurrent problems that are overwhelming or traumatic. If a person trauma or crisis is not resolved in healthily manner, the experience can lead to more lasting psychological, social and medical problems. Crisis counselling provides education, guidance and support. Crisis counselling is not substitute for individual who need and are not receiving intensive or long term psychiatric care. Crisis counselling may involve outreach, work within a community and is not limited to office appointment. Crisis is considered (strength based) because it assumes most disaster survivors are naturally resilient. By providing support, education, and linkage to needed community resources, survivors will be better equipped to recover from negative consequences disasters. While crisis counselling assumes a natural resilience in the majority, it also includes screening and assessing for severe reaction in the minority
Crisis counsellors know that few people we developed diagnosable conditions. They are trained to identify disaster survivors experiencing severe reactions and refers these individuals to appropriate treatment services and community resources.
One among of the crisis counselling in school or college context are such as the problem of discontinuation. Discontinuation of the student, this is the situation where a person or student is stopped in her or her studies especially university occasion. The nature of this problem is associated with different factors or causes like one to have incomplete in various tasks, cheating in the examinations, poor results comparing to the university examinations regulations that requires one to have above 1.8 G.P.A ( Grade point average). This problem comes unexpected and needs crisis canceling because student will get shock about this information because he or she was not expected to receive it and can lose control.
This problem is under precipitating events which happen in a school context and needs crisis cancelling because they led one to in off balance or to fail to control oneself hence to crisis cancelling. Incomplete coursework if the student will not accomplish the coursework total of 40% will be discontinued. This can be completed by various tasks such as quizzes, assignments, tests, projects works depending on the teacher’s categorical Stages refers to steps used by a counsellor to give direction to a client about his or her problem. Discontinuation of students at the university is the one of a crisis counselling which needs an immediate solution to be solved. Because it causes many student to take unexpected action such as suicide or involving in alcohol in order to reduce the pain.
The following are the common stages used in a crisis counselling by a counselor when a student is discontinued from school;
Immediate intervention, a counselor is supposed to intervene a client when he or she is in crisis counseling. Here the counselor should not wait and is supposed to deal with a crisis as soon as possible when seeing a student is in a frustrated situation. A counsellor can face him or her immediately because there are the signs which a client producing after being discontinued. This helps a counsellor to start talking to him or her concerning the problem. So a student needs an immediate counselling before taking other action
A counsellor can take action promptly after knowing the problem of discontinuation which the client has, a counsellor should not waste time on asking what nature of the problem is, rather should take required action promptly so as to help a client in directing and solving that problem. A counselor can tell a client not to be afraid because this problem is normal and it faces anyone in a school. Here a counsellor can give options the client on what can do to solve the problem of discontinuity, it can be to apply to another university or to engage in other activities such as business in order to reach the goals of life of the client.
Averting a catastrophe, a counsellor helps the client to see some goals in dealing with his or her problems of discontinuity from studies. A counselor should help a client to have a plan on how to deal with that problem. For example a counsellor can give a client to make application to another university so as he or she can continue to his or her studies. By doing so the client get new hope and positive expectation towards the problem. Here a counsellor is required not to advise a client but to give option in order for the client to select which is the best way to apply so as to solve the problem of discontinuation from the school.
Fostering hope and positive expectation, in this stage a counsellor should continue giving courage, hope on the problem of the client, this means that a counsellor should not discourage the client. Here a counsellor can tell a client the story of other people who faced this problem and then they achieved by making application to another university or engaging in other activities which make them to become successful people in the world. This can help a client to solve the problem easily because he or she has been told what to do to solve the problem of discontinuation. By doing so the client feel that is in the helpful hand towards his or her problem
Provide support, a counsellor is required to consult those who can give support to the client concerning his or her problem of discontinuation from studies. For example a counsellor can consult parents, lecturers and friends who can stand together with a client towards giving direction of the problem. This help a client to continue to be given hope and expectation towards the problem because these people can help a client spiritually and physically sometimes they can help to find a job or make studying application for him or her to another university.
Have focused problem solving, here a counselor and a client are supposed to work together to find the solution of the problem. They should analyze the ways and the strategies that they will use towards solving that problem of discontinuation from school. For example a client is discontinued from school because of failing to pay school fees. Both the counsellor and the client can face other people in order to ask for money for school fees or they can initiate a campaign for getting school fees from people. This can help a client to solve the problem of being discontinued and reach his or her goals of life.
Build self-esteem to the client, as a counselor is supposed to build self-esteem to the client since some clients have high and others have low self-esteem. Thus a counsellor is recommended to help the client to elevate their self-esteem by encouraging and giving hope. This is done in order to help a client to see the problem of discontinuation from school as a normal problem and anyone can face it. A counsellor can give many options and to emphasize the client to apply one of the options in order to solve the problem of discontinuation. By doing so it can help a client to look his or her problem in positive way towards solution of the problem.
Instilling self-existence, a counselor should install self-existence to a client in order to make a client to solve the problem by himself. Here a counsellor can tell what to do in order to solve the problem of discontinuation. For example a counsellor can tell a client to make application to another university so as to continue to studies. This will helps the client to build ability to depend on oneself and stand oneself towards problem solving without fearing. By doing so the client will be independent in solving his or her problem facing without any assistance from others person.
After looking on the stages of a crisis counselling which are used by a counselor, the following are the theories which can be applied to solve the problem of discontinuation from school;
Psychoanalysis theory is the theory that focuses on the three system of the brain of the human being. With this theory the client is encouraged to recognize unconscious thoughts and emotions. Then they are encouraged to understand many ways in which those unconscious elements continue to provoke different features or behaviours in daily life. The pro founder of this theory is Sigmund Freud who developed psychoanalytic theory of personality argue that human behaviour was the result of interaction of three component parts of the mind that are the id, ego and superego. His structural theory placed great importance on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behaviour and personality. According to Freud the human personality was structured into three separate parts, the id, ego and superego where by the id was the most primitive structure functioned unconsciously, operated on the pleasure principle, and sought instant gratification. The ego was less primitive, functioned in partial consciousness, operated with reason on the reality principle, and regulated the id by satisfying urges on when appropriate. Superego was the most modern structure, functioned consciously, operated on the moral principal and regulated the id based on social learning and issues of morality.
Psychoanalysis theory will be applied in crisis counselling because it deals with emotions and strong feelings of a person (client). With psychoanalysis theory the following technique are to be used in solving the problem or circumstances;
Denial, in this mechanism the client will accept the truth or reality or fact that pain has occurred but the situation has no alternative rather than accepting and adapting to the situation. With denial mechanism the client will be comfortable with the prevailing condition by trying to forget the pain of the emotion rose
Sublimation, in this technique the client will simply channel the unacceptable impulses, thoughts and emotions into more acceptable ones. This will help the client to save energy that would be lost or used in a manner that might cause the person more anxiety.
Another theory which can be used in a crisis counselling is Existential Theory, this a theory which was developed by Victor Frankl in 1990s. This theory focuses on the freedom, responsibilities and choices to shape one’s life and on the quality of the person therapeutic healing relationship that is the way a therapeutic relationship may be taking place in one person different from the way it may be practiced to the other person. Existentialism stress on the contention that the freedom, choice and responsibilities should base on the responsibility to shape the life.
Here a counsellor can create the positive attitude of honesty, integrity and courage to the client in order to the problem of discontinuation from school. This theory emphasize that a counsellor should listen attentively the client and not to smile while a client is still narrating his or her problem. A counsellor can help a client to search for meaning towards his or her problem of discontinuation from school. Hence a client can be able to reach his or her goals of life and therefore he or she can solve the problem.
Finally, Counselling is very important to our life because it makes us to solve the problem and reach goals of life. Thus, Education of counselling should be introduced in different school in order to help students to solve their problems by themselves such poor performance, loss of the beloved ones like father, mother and so forth, and failing to paying school fees. Giving counselling to a client, it helps a client to see some goals in dealing with the issues of the problem of discontinuation.
REFERENCES
British Association for Counseling and Psychotherapy-BACP, (2009), what is counselling; counselling central. Accessed on 7-04-2012 at http://counselling central.com/what-is-counselling/
Chireshe, R., (2006), An Assessment of the Effectiveness of School Guidance and Counselling Services in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools. Unpublished dissertation of the University of South Africa.
Dryden et all (1997), The Practice of Rational Motive Behavior Therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc.
Post a Comment